A black and white bird, the pattern varies slightly between sexes. The male has a white eyebrow above a black horizontal eye-stripe, a black face and throat, while the female has a white face and throat, with a broad vertical stripe through the eye, and no white eyebrow. Both sexes have a thin white bill and black legs and feet. Juvenile Magpie-larks have a black forehead, white eyebrow and a white throat.

Size

24 – 30 cm long

Behaviour

Call

A ringing ‘pee-o-wit’ or ‘pee-wee’, often sung by two birds together, with each bird lifting its wings after calling. Its call has given rise to the vernacular name of Peewee.

Diet

Mostly invertebrates, usually insects and spiders, but occasionally also other small animals. They usually forage in pairs but very occasionally feed in small flocks.

Movement

Largely sedentary, and any movements are usually local in nature, with non-breeding birds sometimes forming mobile nomadic flocks. In northern Australia there may be movement by some birds to the coast in the dry season, and returning during the wet.

Breeding

Both sexes build the bowl-shaped nest from wet mud and then line it with feathers and grass. Between 3 and 5 eggs are laid, and are incubated by both parents for 14–19 days. Both parents care for the young and if conditions are favourable, more than one brood can be reared in a year.

Field Guide

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  • Species Category: Birds
  • Species origin: Native
  • Conservation status: Common
  • Did You Know?
    • Its average weight is 85 grams
    • When the mud of its nest is dry, it is as hard and durable as concrete
    • Its name is misleading as it is not related to either magpies or larks
    • It can be aggressive during breeding season, defending its nest and territory, which may occupy 7 – 25 hectares
  • What to Observe

    • Courting/Mating

    • Calling

    • Feeding

    • Bird on chicks

    • Bird on eggs

    • Bird on nest

    • Bird feeding young

    Climate Adaptations

    Climate change is most likely to affect this species by enabling it to expand its range in the arid parts of Australia. The main factor limiting its distribution in drier areas is the availability of mud for nest-building, so it is often confined to watercourses or areas where water is permanently available. If climate change leads to increasing rainfall in some areas, this may enable Magpie-larks to expand into areas where it was previously unable to breed. The effects of climate change may also influence the timing of when Magpie-larks start to breed and the duration of their breeding activities. Keep a lookout from July in southern Australia and anytime in drier or northern Australia.

  • When and Where

    When To Look

    • Breeding is opportunistic, so birds can breed at any time, but mostly from August to February in southern Australia and any time after rain in dry areas
    • Young birds stay in the nest for 17 – 18 days

    Where To Look

    • Throughout mainland Australia, and an occasional visitor to Tasmania
    • In almost any open or lightly timbered habitat, almost always associated with water
    • It is common in urban areas and farmland
    • Look in in parks, gardens and along roadsides where it commonly forages on the ground
    • Nests are usually on horizontal branches, up to 20 metres above the ground
  • Similar Species

    Australian Magpie (Cracticus tibicen) is almost twice as large (36 – 44 cm long) with a heavier beak, and wholly black underbody (the Magpie-lark is mostly white below).

    Pied Butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) has a completely black head and bib, separated from its black back by a white collar.

  • Trails: Australian National Botanic Gardens ACT, Bellarine Peninsula - Barwon Coast & Ocean Grove Nature Reserve VIC, Bendigo Kennington Reservoir VIC, Bibra Lake WA, Bournda EEC NSW, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mount Coot-tha QLD, Brisbane City Gardens QLD, Canning River Regional Park WA, Capital Hill ACT, Cumberland Land Conservancy Marsdenia NSW, Cumberland Land Conservancy Thornbill NSW, Cumberland Land Conservancy Wallaroo NSW, Cumberland Land Conservancy Wombat NSW, Darwin East Point Reserve NT, Ecolinc Bacchus Marsh VIC, Gold Coast Regional Botanic Gardens QLD, Gresswell Forest VIC, Gumblossom Reserve WA, Haining Farm VIC, Herdsman Lake WA, James Cook University Cairns QLD, James Cook University Townsville QLD, Kangaroo Valley PS NSW, Killalea State Park NSW, Kings Billabong Mildura VIC, Kings Park & Botanic Garden WA, Lake Monger WA, Lake Seppings Albany WA, Macquarie University NSW, Maitland Park Geraldton WA, Marlee Reserve WA, Marramarra NP NSW, Monash University VIC, Murdoch University WA, Newhaven College VIC, North Head NSW, Nowra IEEC NSW, Organ Pipes NP VIC, Pannawonica WA, Paraburdoo WA, Randwick Coastal Walkway NSW, Randwick Environmental Park NSW, Reedy Swamp Shepparton VIC, Royal Botanic Gardens Cranbourne VIC, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne VIC, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney NSW, Rumbalara EEC NSW, Serendip Sanctuary VIC, Sunshine Coast Currimundi QLD, Sunshine Coast Kawana Forest QLD, Sunshine Coast Maroochy Wetlands QLD, Sydney Olympic Park NSW, Tom Price WA, Tyrendarra IPA VIC, University of Western Australia WA, Urrbrae Wetland SA, Valley Reserve Mount Waverley VIC, Waylen Bay Scout Group WA, Werribee Open Range Zoo VIC, Wickham WA, Yarra Bend Park VIC, Yarra River Main Yarra Trail opp Darling Gardens VIC, 100 Acres Reserve VIC, Currawong Bush Park VIC, Valley Lake SA
  • Species Region: Australia